Mitochondria are known to be as the “powerhouse” of the cells, using the energy obtained from the oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids to generate ATP, the universal molecule used by cells to store energy.

In recent years there has been a revolution in the field of mitochondrial physiology through the discovery of new functions performed by these organelles, moving their initial role from simple “powerhouse” to a more complex hub responsible for regulating cellular signaling, energetics and redox balance.

Mitochondria therefore represent a crucial player in the regulation of diverse cellular events (e.g. ATP production, synthesis of phospholipids and heme, calcium homeostasis, ROS production, apoptotic activation and cell death) and the alterations in their functioning are associated with aging and numerous human diseases (like metabolic, endocrine, cardiomyopathies, cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration and neuromuscular conditions).

The study of mitochondrial function is thus a critical research task that could lead to advancement in mitochondrial related disease management and treatments.